2, the Second, Third, Sixth, and Tenth string quartets, the Violin Concerto No. It is possible that within this increasingly fearful climate, Shostakovich decided to set Semyon Kirsanov’s unashamedly proletarian text in order to remain on good terms with the authorities. I agree with you utterly about the merits of no.3 (although I hope I’m not pre-empting what you yourself were going to say about it) – if ever there was a case of giving the authorities exactly what they wanted, in the form of a here-today-gone-tomorrow Socialist Realist musical slogan (albeit giving it voluntarily, which is savagely ironic given how they damn near broke him over the course of later life for daring to write anything other)! In 1937 Russia, at the height of Stalin’s purges, the Communist Party strongly denounced Dmitri Shostakovich’s most recent works. 14 ‘To October’ In 1927 Shostakovich was commissioned by the State Publishing House to honour the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution. Explain that Shostakovich put secret messages and codes into his music as a clever way of avoiding Stalins rules. We’ll be seeing more Russian stuff from this period and onward in the coming weeks, so do stay tuned for that, and thanks so much for reading. In fact, I’d already made that note before I’d gone back to read the end of the Wikipedia article, which cites the quote that opens this article. 3 in E flat major, Op. Cellist/conductor Mstislav Rostropovich, who knew Shostakovich well, took a more universal approach when he said the Eleventh is “a symphony written in blood, a truly tragic work. Mozart’s expressive 29th symphony was penned by the 18-year-old wunderkind after his visit to Vienna. But this relatively comfortable middle-class childhood would not last long. This was considered Klangflächenmusik (cluster composition) before the term was officially coined. After the 1917 Revolution, Shostakovich’s bourgeois family background proved a distinct disadvantage in the new social order that ensued. 14 no. Symphony No. 2. 2 in C-sharp minor for Violin and Orchestra, Opus 129. 14, ‘To October’ performed by the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra and Chorus under Neeme Järvi, or as below with the WDR Radio Chorus and WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne under Rudolf Barshai Shostakovich himself called the première his ‘second birth’. Shostakovich was bitterly attacked in the official press, and both the opera and the still unperformed Symphony No. It could be that his choice of key was even intended as a public show of respect for Beethoven, who used the same heroic tonality for his own Third Symphony. In the Sixth Symphony, Shostakovich wanted to express an illogical and contradictory world and so chose a form that is both those things. The piece is in one unbroken movement made up of four sections, with the last containing a part for chorus. In time, this much repeated role would become as much a burden to him as it was a saving grace. Some revisions to this score were made, and the final version was played a few weeks later in Moscow. The sound is not unlike the beginning of The Firebird in its low string ominousness; it just lacks shape. 5 in A, K. 219, ‘Turkish’. etc. Shostakovich Symphony no. It has been likened to the opening chapter of a novel, setting the tone for all that follows. It is not obvious whether this embarrassment was musical or political, but in Shostakovich’s case, the two were normally connected. That’s okay, though: there’s the first, symphonies 5-8, the less gargantuan ninth, followed then by the incredible tenth and eleventh… and four more. Music Director Andrés Orozco-Estrada conducts Shostakovich’s Symphony No. I am a big fan of Shostakovich, especially the piano works (24 preludes and fugues, piano concertos and piano quintet are all incredible), but this was the latest work of his I had ever heard. Shostakovich may well have been a supporter of the philosophies that led to the October Revolution in the first place, but his inability to write any musical notes at all for the final lines, instead simply asking for the words to be declaimed without pitch, seems an indication of how he perceived the soulless climate of the time. These early, enigmatic works point to a lifetime of ambiguity and double-speak. COMPOSED: Shostakovich composed his Violin Concerto No. Shostakovich: Symphony No. Concerto No. Such a work was entirely appropriate for the occasion for which it was being written. But unlike its predecessor, this was not a commissioned piece and, as such, it raises interesting questions about the composer’s freely made decision to celebrate the international labour movement’s May Day celebrations. 1, and the Symphony … Did the masterpieces that followed need the conflict, tension, and suffering of his time before they could flower from the composer’s pen? And when the lively, actually musical second movement begins, it makes this long first section of the work seem like a moody warm-up. Dmitri Shostakovich’s First Symphony may be the greatest graduation project of all time. The finale reaches a clear climax, cymbal crash and all, but a snare drum made of pure tragedy doesn’t let the piece end. 93 (1953) 2 - Symphony #5 in D minor, Op. 1 and 2 Christopher Lyndon-Gee, Michael Houstoun & New Zealand Symphony … I have multiple times now put on this work while I’m doing other things, and promptly forgot anything was playing and suddenly started hearing strings. A flute echoes the material, and there’s something of a fanfare, but almost not even any music here… As is stated on Wiki: Meant to portray the primordial chaos from which order emerged, instrumental voices merge in this 13-voice polyphonic beginning, like impulses released from the void. Find album reviews, stream songs, credits and award information for Shostakovich: … ( Log Out / But…I dunno…there’s something about no.2 that keeps me coming back for more, beginning with the intro, whose very teeming nebulousness marks it out as among the most boldly avant garde music he ever wrote. Initially described by the composer as a symphonic poem, the piece was eventually entitled ‘Symphonic Dedication – To October’. 2 (Shostakovich) Last updated February 10, 2020. But ten years on from the Revolution, ‘October’ had come to mean much more than the specific events of 1917. This symphony, when I first heard it, perplexed me, to say the least. He came to grow tired of, if not entirely resent, composing the work, and thought very little of the text, but it was eventually completed. 2, Op. The second movement then feels very much like a scherzo. This apparent contradiction was a personality trait that would stay with him his whole life, and the sometimes juddering juxtaposition of the lighted-hearted with the profound marked his compositions from the very beginning. Bolshevik (1920), by Boris Kustodiev.. Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his Symphony No. Born in 1906, Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich was a prodigious child as both pianist and composer. This choice may have been influenced at least partially by Vsevolod Meyerhold’s theory of biomechanics. From sheer misery, I’ve started to compose the finale of the symphony. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Whatever the answers to those questions are, it is hard to misunderstand the composer’s feelings at the end of the piece. It is challenging, undoubtedly harsh, perhaps even puzzling, but I am among those who has become spellbound by it. It is a radically different work than his first symphony, which is a marvelously successful work that to me gives us far better glimpses into who the composer would later mature into than either of these works we’ll discuss. Wiki says: Though Shostakovich had been commissioned by Muzsektor rather than Agitotdel, and was thus expected to produce a composition of abstract music instead of a propaganda piece, writing a short agitprop symphony seemed to solve all of Shostakovich’s problems. Or is Shostakovich simply trying to draw a clearly defined line between the music he wanted to write and the music he had to write? And completing his Symphony No 4 – a big brute of a work – he withdrew the planned Leningrad premiere in '36, after denunciation by the State. Symphony No. In many people’s minds it represented more an ideal of what the Revolution stood for, rather than the reality of regimented Bolshevik doctrine. He was back in the party’s good graces—for the time being. Shostakovich’s second symphony, however, (and third, as we shall see) was not only not a roaring success at its premiere, but has continued to be recognized as some of his weakest work in the form. Only those with the shortest of musical memories can listen to the rousing choral finale with a sense of triumph and joy. 2 in B, op. Initially described by the composer as a symphonic poem, the piece was eventually entitled ‘Symphonic Dedication – To October’. Dmitri Shostakovich, one of Russian culture's most acclaimed intellectuals who was censored under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin, was an internationally recognized composer whose music was in over 100 films. 103 'The year 1905' WDR Sinfonieorchester Koln, Semyon Bychkov The performance from the WDR Symphony Orchestra is compelling at both ends of the dynamic spectrum, from the heart-rending funereal … 4 (1935–36) were withdrawn. But we have to end on a choral finale which “sets a text by Alexander Bezymensky praising Lenin and the revolution.” You can read the text of the finale here. It’s marked largo, and the first real utterance of any kind, out of this jumble of sound, comes from the brass, in the form of more low growls, and eventually a trumpet solo. What is remarkable about the first three symphonies is not only that they were written before the composer’s 23rd birthday, but that they encapsulate all the musical ideas that were to remain present throughout the composer’s life. 13, ‘Pathetique’, Mozart Violin Concerto no. And here he is: we are this week and next discussing the second and third symphonies of Prokofiev and… Shostakovich. 2. 10 3. Starting piano lessons with his mother when he was eight, he was writing a Pushkin-inspired opera by the age of nine. 9 thoughts on “ Seeking Shostakovich: Listening to the Tenth Symphony (Part 2 of 2) ” T. March 31, 2014 at 3:19 AM It is so refreshing and lovely to read about you wanting joy for Shostakovich, because of your experience with his music. 2, Op. 2 Seattle Symphony Judith Fong Conductor Emeritus Ludovic Morlot conducts the Seattle Symphony in music by Caroline Shaw, Shostakovich and Beethoven featuring cellist Alisa Weilerstein on Thursday, November 12, 2020 at 7:30pm on Seattle Symphony Live . 2 in G Major, Op. To cry out in terror. 14 ‘To October’ Like Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire, another piece he admired, the disconcerting idea of human beings as puppets, with their actions manipulated by unseen string-pullers from on high, was one that stayed with the composer right the way through to his final symphony, written almost fifty years later. It’s a reminder that this work was commissioned, or as the case may be, demanded, from the composer by Shuglin, and the interesting circumstances he was in, wanting to compose something new, and being saddled with this patriotic idea. According to the poet Mayakovsky, artists should ‘spit out the past like a bone stuck in our throats… Our duty is to blare like brass-throated horns in the fogs of bourgeois vulgarity.’ Is this the explanation behind the extraordinary factory siren that heralds in the arrival of the chorus and their ‘abominable’ words? BBC Proms 2007: Prom 48Royal Albert HallAugust 19, 2007Simón Bolivar Youth Orchestra of VenezuelaGustavo Dudamel, conductorShostakovich Symphony 10mvt II. It’s chamber-like for a long stretch, but the chaos increases as the rest of the ensemble joins. Shostakovich said at the time that he ‘always wanted to create music that reflects our era, and the thoughts and the feelings of the Soviet person’, but it is unclear whether he intended this symphony’s opening thematic chaos and abstractly expressionistic textures to represent the hardship of before the Revolution or the emotional blandness that followed. Maybe it was this combination of views that allowed him to write music that spoke to so many, and offended so few. Shostakovich wrote that ‘whereas in October, the main content is struggle, May expresses the festive spirit of peaceful development… This does not mean that the music in May is all glorifying and celebratory. Written at the age of eighteen, Shostakovich’s First Symphony was the graduation piece that completed his studies at the Leningrad Conservatory. Nervous tension and sarcastic wit, passion and intelligence, contemplation and action, nobility and banality – all expressed with an economy of means that is simultaneously subtle and direct. It is daylight, and false. Fearing for his life, the young composer wrote a symphony ending with a rousing march. It was after all, perfectly possible to be in favour of the Revolution yet appalled by the practices of the party that engineered it. And yet, despite suffering from malnutrition and tuberculosis, there are also stories of him losing his job for laughing too much at the Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin films he was employed to accompany. Instead, the final lines are chanted rather than sung: This is the slogan and this is the name of living generations: Who knows, if he’d been allowed to carry on composing in the same vein, we might have ended up with something like ’50s/’60s Ligeti – but 30 years sooner! Initially proud of these works, Shostakovich proclaimed them to be failures in the 1950s. Voting game from the old Amazon forum: Shostakovich symphonies: 1 - Symphony #10 in E minor, Op. The idea of October was not necessarily the same thing as its reality. If we think about it more like a Strauss tone poem than a Shostakovich symphony, maybe it’ll seem more convincing. 112, subtitled The Year of 1917, in 1961, dedicating it to the memory of Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, as he did his Symphony No. Wikipedia explains it thusly, citing Ian MacDonald’s The New Shostakovich: Shostakovich composed his Second in a gestural, geometric “music without emotional structure” manner, with the intent of reflecting speech patterns and physical movements in a neo-realistic style. His well-educated mother had to work thirteen-hour days as a cashier and Shostakovich was forced to spend many after-school hours as a silent-movie pianist to help the family cope with the hardships of the post-Revolutionary economy. Change ), Shostakovich Symphony no. 2 in B major, Op. Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his Symphony No. Even removing the choral finale, which sounds wholly uninspired, we’re still left with a piece that lacks much motivation. performed by the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra and Chorus under Neeme Järvi, or as below with the WDR Radio Chorus and WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne under Rudolf Barshai. It is hard to know if the Second and Third Symphonies reflect a pride in the Revolution that was only later to turn to disillusionment, or if they are the views of an already disenchanted and politically cynical individual. In the 1960s, however, he was happy for them to be performed, yet towards the end of his life he begged his son not to conduct them! Everything old was rejected, the individual was becoming depersonalised. After this climax, there’s a return to the chamber-like atmosphere, closing with our violin solo, and I really think if we just finished here and chucked the finale in the bin, we’d have an almost interesting piece of music. While Prokofiev’s second symphony was a head scratcher not only for the audience but the composer himself, it has gained recognition in more recent times as a blisteringly intense, genius work, at least by some. I was touched by that. But for Shostakovich, it need not have been a question of one or the other. The unexpected death of his father in 1922 only made matters worse. Shostakovich had given them their forced happy ending, a secret testament to the horrors of life under Stalin. 14, ‘To October’, View fugueforthought’s profile on Facebook, View fugueforthought’s profile on Twitter, Lisa Casal-Galietta: A (Red) Door to Classical Music, Follow Fugue for Thought on WordPress.com, Beethoven Piano Sonata no. The composer’s trade-mark musical gestures are all immediately obvious. 1 in F minor, Op. 12 in D minor, Op. Shostakovich's next misstep came with the Fourth Symphony, which he had been composing in his mind for some time. Shostakovich’s Fifteenth Symphony, like his Fifteenth String Quartet, was his last, and both works seem to illuminate the composer’s state of mind in his last years. There’s a brassy moment of triumph in this movement, one that would put a pretty nice cap on this work if it were just an overture-like tone poem along the lines of Stravinsky’s Feu d’artifice, but the thing has to continue, doesn’t it? The piece was written as a birthday present for Shostakovich’s nineteen-year-old son Maxim – himself an accomplished pianist. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Dmitri Shostakovich composed his Symphony No. 2 in 1967 for David Oistrakh, to whom the score is dedicated.It was meant to be a gift for the violinist’s sixtieth birthday, September 30, 1968; … All this darkness suffocates me. This is followed by the most forced of perorations maybe ever written in music history. It’s turning out pretty gloomy.’ The second half of the piece is certainly much more tragic in vein. [O]ne is tempted simply to cut it off with a pair of scissors. It is unremittingly tragic, and not so much about 1905 or 1956, perhaps, as about the persistently tragic pattern in human events. The piece begins almost imperceptibly. The third movement continues the acceleration of the work, but is now transparent and light, with a violin solo, accompanied by one woodwind after another joining the party. Stalin had asked for light and boisterous finales. But perhaps it was not only that work’s orchestration, with its soloistic piano part, that fascinated the student composer. It was a commission from Lev Shuglin, “a dedicated Bolshevik and head of the Propaganda Department of the State Music Publishing House (Muzsektor), to write a large orchestral work with a choral finale.” Shostakovich wanted to move away from the style of his first symphony, and had other projects he wanted to work on. Dmitri Shostakovich, Mstislav Rostropovich, London Symphony Orchestra - Shostakovich: Symphonies Nos. It’s about 20-ish seconds, depending on ambient noise, before you hear the low mumbles of the ensemble in this first and longest movement. 7 "Leningrad" Kurt Masur & New York Philharmonic Shostakovich: Piano Concertos No. 5 at our European Tour Preview Concerts with Hilary Hahn on February 23, 24 & 25. The work was composed for the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution. But the style was about to change. Symphony No. It would also be impossible for Muzsektor to turn it down, and was guaranteed at least some friendly press. His recent opera The Nose had not been well received, and despite his previous success, he certainly would not have felt immune to the vulnerability of his time. The première, on 12th May 1926, was an enormous success, and it was not long before the work gained worldwide recognition. Composer Dmitri Shostakovich was already in the doghouse after performances of his 1934 opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk. The symphony opens with a virtuosic brilliance heavily influenced by Stravinsky’s Petrushka. 20 ‘The First of May’ The classicism is most apparent in the first movement, which follows 18th-century sonata form right down to repeating the exposition (the only Shostakovich Symphony that does). The directors of the conservatory were excited by the genius they felt they had nurtured and arranged for the symphony to be performed by Nikolai Malko and the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra. 44: I. Allegro brillante. 2; Prokofiev: Cantata - Mark Elder, BBC Symphony Orchestra on AllMusic - 1996 ‘I am in a terrible mood,’ he continued. Written in 1929, in less than a month, the Third Symphony is another single-movement work with choral finale. Solomon Volkov, of the second symphony’s finale. It is perhaps only the thoughts and feelings themselves that are not yet fully focused. Dmitri Shostakovich, Soundtrack: Children of Men. Shostakovich was to use this form with great power in a number of other situations, including the Trio No. I don’t know about you, but that doesn’t strike me as a particularly compelling elevator pitch. Of course, the very specific demands of the symphony’s “programme” meant that he couldn’t keep that level of innovation up…and then there’s the glaring blemish that is that choral finale (although it’s interesting that, even amidst the supposed jubilation, DSCH can’t resist bringing back echoes of the opening…twice, in fact!). Symphony No. 8 in Cm, op. Walter, Toscanini, and Klemperer all performed it. However, his Piano Concerto No.2 is a gloriously free, wistful creation – particularly in the famous second movement, which guarantees the whole work’s enduring popularity. It received its premiere on November 5, 1927 with the Leningrad Philharmonic under Nikolai Malko. Shostakovich Symphony No.5 London Symphony Orchestra & Maxim Shostakovich Shostakovich: Symphony No. His friend and dedicatee of the First Symphony, Mikhail Kvadri, had recently been arrested and shot for ‘counterrevolutionary activity’; the dedication was officially removed from the score. Composed at the age of 18, Shostakovich’s First Symphony was written to fulfill the graduation requirements of the Leningrad Conservatory (earning him the equivalent of a college music degree), and would take the international music world by storm the following year. ( Log Out / 1, Beethoven Piano Sonata no. 2.The symphony was premiered that October by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra under conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky.This was the last Shostakovich symphony Mravinsky … After composing the first two movements, Shostakovich wrote to a friend that it would be more fitting to call the work a ‘symphony-grotesque’. Even today, people wonder just what Shostakovich was trying to say. Possibly because of this, the authorities insisted on the commission concluding with a text by the Komsomol poet Aleksander Bezymensk, straightforward propaganda describing the hopeless conditions faced by workers before the Revolution and the heroism of Lenin in solving all their problems. How ironic if Stalin’s lifelong attempts to fetter his composer prodigy might actually have been the stimulus behind Shostakovich becoming the exceptional musical voice for the realities of the Soviet Union in the twentieth century. The word “seem” is appropriate since, of all composers in the 20th century, of none is it truer to say that the more we know the less we know. Program Notes: Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. Shostakovich had started to experience some of that ‘struggle’ first-hand. 2 in B, op. 2013 Preview SONG TIME Piano Concerto No. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ‘Sometimes I just want to shout. (This was not performed until 1961, during the Kruschev era.) Doubts and problems. But we’ll excuse Shostakovich this symphonic misstep. ( Log Out / 14 and subtitled To October, for the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution.It was first performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir under Nikolai Malko, on 5 November 1927. 47 (1937) But it gave him at least something to reach for, to accomplish, in writing his second symphony, no matter how he came to feel about the work’s merit. 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