Spanish pronouns include personal pronouns (refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about), indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns (connect parts of sentences) and reciprocal or reflexive pronouns (in which the object of a verb is being acted on by verb's subject). According to a decision by the Real Academia in the 1960s, the accents on these forms are only to be used when necessary to avoid ambiguity with the demonstrative determiners. Spanish pronouns include personal pronouns (refer to the persons speaking, the persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about), indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns (connect parts of sentences) and reciprocal or reflexive pronouns (in which the object of a verb is being acted on by verb's subject). We have seen that pronouns can be used in the same way in Spanish. Because verbs are conjugated differently for each personal pronoun, it’s generally easy to tell what the subject of a sentence is without explicitly saying it. The fact that it cannot be used as the subject or direct object in defining clauses also makes it clear that a defining clause is not intended: When used as a personal direct object, personal a must be used: In such situations as well as with the object of monosyllabic prepositions, the use of el cual is generally purely a matter of high style. Object pronouns are generally proclitic, and non-emphatic clitic doubling is most often found with dative clitics. The direct object is a noun that directly receives the action of a verb. Which one you use is based on the gender of the word you’re saying is owned. We use reflexive pronouns In Spanish when speaking about actions that we perform on ourselves, or likewise, actions that other people perform on themselves. The truth is that there are two sets of second-person pronouns in Spanish. And for possessive pronouns, they are always used with “the” (which also must match one of the four forms – el, la, los and las). They (all female group) speak Spanish. A periphrasis like Alejandro es un estudiante que tiene unas calificaciones siempre buenas is more common. In English they would be represented by words like it, him or her. In Spanish the pronoun either comes before the verb as a separate word or after joined with the verb, when are used with affirmative imperative, an infinitive or a gerund. It is generally more emphatic and formal than [el] que, and it always includes the definite article. Quien as a plural form survives as an archaism that is now considered non-standard. It is invariable for gender, and was originally invariable for number. Let’s examine some of the differences. This is used sparingly in Spanish, and foreigners should thus avoid over-using it: In more everyday style, this might be phrased as: After multisyllabic prepositions and prepositional phrases (a pesar de, debajo de, a causa de, etc. Demonstrative pronouns like this or those, which point things or people out. Cuyo is from CVIVS, the genitive (possessive) form of QVI. Subject pronouns often replace a subject noun and can be classified several different ways: by person (first, second, or third person), number (singular or plural), gender (male or female), and formality (formal or informal). Note: Usted and ustedes are grammatically third person (use third person grammar), even though they are functionally second person (used to express you / you all). In Spanish, a reflexive verb always has a reflexive pronoun whether or not the subject pronoun is used. In this case, it is rather formal and is largely restricted to non-defining clauses. This in-depth guide will teach you everything you need to know to master Spanish pronouns. Spanish personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for the subject (nominative), direct object (accusative), or indirect object (dative), and third-person pronouns make a distinction for reflexivity as well. 7. The more words that intervene, the more the use of el cual is practically obligatory: The bare form cual is used as the relative adjective ("in which sense", "with which people", etc. Like the English pronouns "who" and "whom", it can only be used to refer to people. Unlike el cual, it does not inflect for gender, but it does inflect for number, and it also specifies that it does refer to a person: Quien is particularly common as the object of a proposition when the clause is non-defining, but is also possible in defining clauses: Donde is ultimately from a combination of the obsolete adverb onde ("whence" or "from where") and the preposition de. The subject is the most important noun in your sentence, and is linked to your main verb. Pronouns often stand in for a noun to save repeating it. In Spanish, personal pronouns can often be eliminated from sentences altogether. For example, in the sentence, “John did not come to work, because he was sick,” the pronoun he is used to replace the proper noun John. El hombre que vende fruta es mi padre. But they are extremely necessary, and used daily in conversations, so it's really important to learn them as much as you can! Formal vs. It can be used as a formal, emphatic replacement for que in non-defining clauses, for both subjects and direct objects, and it can also be used as a formal, emphatic replacement for el que as the object of some prepositions. See Spanish personal pronouns for more information on this, and on regional variation of pronoun use. The personal pronoun "vos" is used in some areas of Latin America, particularly in Central America, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, the state of Zulia in Venezuela, and the Andean regions of Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Pronouns In Spanish. Que is the most common Spanish relative pronoun and can be used in lots of different ways: it can mean ‘who,’ ‘whom,’ ‘which,’ or ‘that.’ We can use it with humans or inanimate objects. Ellas hablan español. ), however, el cual is often preferred entirely: El cual is further generally preferred entirely when, as the object of a preposition, it is separated from its antecedent by intervening words. Spanish direct object pronouns are me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las Spanish Subject Pronouns The subject of the sentence is the person, place or thing that is doing something, or being something. In non-defining clauses, the fact that it agrees for gender and number can make it clearer to what it refers. 1 Accusative pronouns (Direct object) 2 Dative personal pronouns (Indirect object) 2.1 Dative Pronoun "se" Accusative pronouns (Direct object) When the personal pronoun is used as direct object of the verb (accusative), it can refer to persons as well as animals or things. who performs the action, who receives it, etc.). Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions. The table below shows a cumulative list of personal pronouns from Peninsular, Latin American and Ladino Spanish. Spanish pronouns are one of the last things I fully understood about the language. Relative pronouns often have corresponding interrogative pronouns. Personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, reciprocal or reflexive pronouns have a very important role in Spanish. 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