nicephorus the first

Emperor from 802. Nicephorus first had a long, private conversation with the emperor, in which he vainly endeavoured to dissuade Leo from his opposition to the veneration of images. He would not agree, however, and remained in the monastery of St. Theodore, where he continued by speech and writing to defend the veneration of images. Leo now raised to the patriarchate Theodotus, a married, illiterate layman who favoured iconoclasm. Serruys, Paris, 1904). Hildesheim 1960 (first edition 1929), 129–30; G. I. BRĂTIANU, Études byzantines d’histoire économique et sociale, Paris 1938, 195– 211; P. J. ALEXANDER, The Patriarch Nicephorus: Ecclesiastical Policy and Image Worship in the Byzantine Empire, Oxford 1958, 117 ss. φόρος Κάλλιστος Ξανθόπουλος), of Constantinople(c. 1256–c. Pope Leo sent an encouraging and consolatory reply to the resolute confessors, upon which they wrote another letter to him through Epiphanius. by Nikephoros Gregoras. In 874 his bones were translated to Constantinople with much pomp by the Patriarch Methodius and interred, 13 March, in the Church of the Apostles. . On the occasion of the change of emperors, in 820, he was put forward as a candidate for the patriarchate and at least obtained the promise of toleration. Nikephoros at first replied to his removal from his office by excommunication, but was at last obliged to yield to force, and was taken to one of the cloisters he had founded, Tou Agathou, and later to that called Tou Hagiou Theodorou. After the death of the Patriarch Tarasios of Constantinople, although still a layman, he was chosen patriarch by the wish of the emperor (Easter, April 12, 806). Nicephorus fell ill; when he recovered the emperor called upon him to defend his course before a synod of bishops friendly to iconoclasm. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. From 1880 to 2018 less than 5 people per year have been born with the first name Nicephorus. His merit is the thoroughness with which he traced the literary and traditional proofs, and his detailed refutations are serviceable for the knowledge they afford of important texts adduced by his opponents and in part drawn from the older church literature. . In December, 814, Nicephorus had a long conference with the emperor on the veneration of images but no agreement was reached. St. Nicephorus was born about 758. However, Michael would not consent to an actual restoration of images such as Nicephorus demanded from him, for he declared that he did not wish to interfere in religious matters and would leave everything as he had found it. Later the patriarch sent several learned bishops and abbots to convince him of the truth of the position of the Patriarch on the veneration of images. His feast is celebrated on this day both in the Greek and Roman Churches; the Greeks also observe 2 June as the day of his death. After his complete defeat, 22 June, 813, in the war against the Bulgarians, the emperor lost all authority. The Catholic Encyclopedia. APA citation. The emperor received those who had accompanied Nicephorus, among them seven metropolitans and Abbot Theodore of Studium. Nicephorus I A. D. 802-811 Matthew Marsh Sul Ross State University. Nicephorus then restructured the army, reinforced discipline, and improved recruiting as well as wrote treatises on military tactics that have been attributed to him. Accordingly Emperor Leo's hostile measures were not repealed, although the persecution ceased. Nicephorus first had a long, private conversation with the emperor, in which he vainly endeavoured to dissuade Leo from his opposition to the veneration of images. The catalog of the accepted books of the Old and New Testaments is followed by the antilegomena (including Revelation) and the apocrypha. Mango's treatment of Nicephorus's sources is sober and conservative, particularly in refuting the idea that one of those sources was the "Great Chronographer" (pp. Niépce was named Joseph, but while studying at the Oratorian College in Angers, he decided to adopt the name Nicéphore in honor of Saint Nicephorus the ninth-century Patriarch of Constantinople. In his first chapter Nicephorus speaks of the utility of ecclesiastical history, and gives a list of his predecessors in that line -from Eusebius to Procopius and Agathias, with a notice concerning each of them in which indeed he accuses Eusebius of heresy and Socrates of impurity. Saint Nicephorus was a dignitary at the court of the empress Irene (797-802), and then after receiving monastic tonsure, he became known for his piety. Although the matter was not openly discussed, he and his followers now held virtually no church communion with Nicephorus and the priest, Joseph. The patriarch yielded to the wishes of the emperor in order to avert more serious evil. After crowning MICHAEL I, he inspired massacres of "heretic" Paulicians. Nicephorus I can be considered one of the Byzantine Empire's more controversial emperors, … Next to each book is the count of its lines, his stichometry, to which we can compare our accepted texts and judge how much has been added or omitted. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Nicephorus ancestors lived in harsh conditions. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11050a.htm. Nikephoros I of Constantinople trampling on, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Martyrs and Confessors", Orthodox Church in America, Development of the Canon of the New Testament: the Stichometry of Nicephorus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople&oldid=989851729, Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. download 1 file . Nicephorus." Emperor Michael was an honourable man of good intentions, but weak and dependent. Michael succeeded in reconciling the patriarch and Theodore of Studium. When was the first name Nicephorus first recorded in the United States? If you want to read (in French) the quality of his insults against … When Nicephorus demanded the confession of faith, before the coronation, Leo put it off. The saint was a zealous defender of the holy Icons. While still young Nicephorus was brought to the court, where he became an imperial secretary. 946-974), the poetic Troparion & Kontakion. From there he carried on a literary polemic for the cause of the iconodules against the synod of 815. But the patriarch would not recognize the synod and paid no attention to the summons. His son Stauracius, who had been wounded in the same fight, was proclaimed emperor, but was deposed by the chief men of the empire because he followed the bad example of his father. With the assent of the patriarch he resigned and entered a monastery with his children. Then Nicephorus called together an assembly of bishops and abbots at the Church of St. Sophia at which he excommunicated the perjured Bishop Anthony of Sylaeum. Martyr Nicephorus of Antioch, in Syria Commemorated on February 9. Solesm., IV, 233-91). On 2 October, 811, with the assent of the patriarch, Michael Rhangabe, brother-in-law of Stauracius, who raised to the throne. The Catholic Encyclopedia. On the advice of Nicephorus he put the heretical and seditious Paulicians to death and tried to suppress the Iconoclasts. With two other officials of high rank he represented the Empress Irene in 787 at the Second Council of Nicaea (the Seventh Ecumenical Council), which declared the doctrine of the Church respecting images. Nihil Obstat. Imprimatur. As soon as the new emperor had assured the peace of the empire by the overthrow of the Bulgarians his true opinions began gradually to appear. On the advice of Nicephorus he put the heretical and seditious Paulicians to death and tried to suppress the Iconoclasts. cit., 205-534). He was born in Constantinople as the son of Theodore and Eudokia, of a strictly Orthodox family, which had suffered from the earlier Iconoclasm. The patriarch again deposed the priest Joseph and withdrew his decrees against Theodore and his partisans. He asserted his love and his attachment to the patriarch, and said he would withdraw all opposition if the patriarch would acknowledge the violation of law by removing the priest Joseph. opuscula historica" in the "Bibliotheca Teubneriana" (Leipzig, 1880). This, however, did not discourage the resolute opponents of the "Adulterine Heresy". http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11050a.htm Theodore declared that silence under these conditions would be treason and expressed sympathy with the patriarch whom the emperor forbade to hold public service in the church. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. In the same year, which was the first year of the reign of Nicephorus, Aron Admirhas[Aron Admirhas is the Medieval Latin spelling of the name of caliph HārÅ«n al-RashÄ«d (‘Aaron the Just’; 763-809).] The emperor received those who had accompanied Nicephorus, among them seven metropolitans and Abbot Theodore of Studium. His feast is celebrated on this day both in the Greek and Roman Churches; the Greeks also observe 2 June as the day of his death. This page was last edited on 21 November 2020, at 11:53. Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos, also spelled Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, (born c. 1256—died c. 1335), Byzantine historian and litterateur whose stylistic prose and poetry exemplify the developing Byzantine humanism of the 13th and 14th centuries and whose 23-volume Ecclesiasticae historiae (“Church History”), of which only the first 18 volumes survive, constitutes a significant … Const. The two treatises discuss passages from Macarius Magnes, Eusebius of Caesarea, and from a writing wrongly ascribed to Epiphanius of Cyprus. Nicephorus also left two small historical works; one known as the Breviarium", the other the "Chronographis", both are edited by C. de Boor, "Nicephori archiep. Saint Nicephorus was a dignitary at the court of the Empress Irene (797-802). Died July 26, 811. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Donald J. But, through a letter written by Archbishop Joseph, the course which he and the strict church party followed became public in 808, and caused a sensation. Transcription. Nevertheless, he entered the service of the Empire, became cabinet secretary (asekretis), and under Irene took part in the synod of 787 as imperial commissioner. First published in 1880. Before the matter was settled Theodore had written to the patriarch entreating him not to reinstate the guilty priest, but had received no answer. On the other side Theodore, Plato, and the majority of their adherents recognized the patriarch as the lawful head of the Byzantine Church, and sought to bring the refractory back to his obedience. Ecclesiastical approbation. The second exercise in Life Is Real, Only Then, When “I Am,” is the First Assisting Exercise, which is probably adapted from the Jesus Prayer, especially in the form taught by Nicephorus the Solitary in the Philokalia, and evokes the “Ego Exercise” as Gurdjieff told Ouspensky it was practised on Mount Athos. MLA citation. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. After a palace revolution, he was proclaimed emperor by the influential aristocracy of the capital. New York: Robert Appleton Company. In it he sought to excuse the long delay by the tyranny of the preceding emperor, interwove a rambling confession of faith and promised to notify Rome at the proper time in regard to all important questions. DOWNLOAD OPTIONS download 1 file . φόρος Α΄, Nikēphoros I; c. 758 – April 5, 828) was a Christian Byzantine writer and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from April 12, 806, to March 13, 815. Another work justifying the veneration of images was edited by Pitra under the title "Antirrheticus adversus iconomachos" (Spicil. 11. The leaders were the abbots, Plato of Saccadium and Theodore of Studium, and Theodore's brother, Archbishop Joseph of Thessalonica. Nicephorus then went to his former friend and fervently asked forgiveness, but Sapricius was adamant. Const. cit., 535-834); the second part contains the "Antirrhetici", a refutation of a writing by the Emperor Constantine Copronymus on images (loc. His father Theodore, one of the secretaries of Emperor Constantine V, had been scourged and banished to Nicaea for his zealous support of Iconodules, and the son inherited the religious convictions of the father. New York: Robert Appleton Company. He entered into connection with the opponents of images, among whom were a number of bishops; it steadily grew more evident that he was preparing a new attack upon the veneration of images. Nicephorus became known for his intellect and his eloquence, and received the post of imperial commissioner. cit., 535-834); the second part contains the "Antirrhetici", a refutation of a writing by the Emperor Constantine Copronymus on images (loc. They all repudiated the interference of the emperor in dogmatic questions and once more rejected Leo's proposal to hold a conference. 1335), the last of the Greek ecclesiastical historians. Kirsch, Johann Peter. Boon. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Vol. 0 In the 14th century Nicephorus Callisti undertook a complete church history which covers in its extant form the first six centuries. If you want to read (in French) the quality of his insults against … He used the chronicle of Trajan the Patrician. Nicephorus served in the imperial palace as a secretary. Emperor Nicephorus now took violent measures. The dogmatic treatises, chiefly on this subject, that he wrote are as follows: a lesser "Apology for the Catholic Church concerning the newly arisen Schism in regard to Sacred Images" (Migne, P.G., C, 833-849), written 813-14; a larger treatise in two parts; the first part is an "Apology for the pure, unadulterated Faith of Christians against those who accuse us of idolatry" (Migne, loc. 510 Views . Nicephorus the General The Battle of Zygos Pass (1053) is where Nicephorus first caught the attention of his contemporaries and historians with a heroic feat that made him famous. But the patriarch would not recognize the synod and paid no attention to the summons. His tables of universal history, Chronography or Chronographikon Syntomon, in passages extended and continued, were in great favor with the Byzantines, and were also circulated outside the Empire in the Latin version of Anastasius Bibliothecarius, and also in Slavonic translation. The emperor wished to have a debate between representatives of the opposite dogmatic opinions, but the adherents of the veneration of images refused to take part in such a conference, as the Seventh Ecumenical Council had settled the question. The emperor received those who had accompanied Nicephorus, among them seven metropolitans and Abbot Theodore of Studium. About this page In 809 Theodore and Plato sent a joint memorial, through the Archmandrite Epiphanius, to Pope Leo III, and later, Theodore laid the matter once more before the pope in a letter, in which he besought the successor of St. Peter to grant a helping hand to the East, so that it might not be overwhelmed by the waves of the "Adulterine Heresy". Nicephorus (feast day March 13) spent most of his life close to the throne, during a time when political change was the only constant. His studies taught him experimental methods in science and he graduated to become a professor at the college. Nicephorus. A large number of the laity were also present on this occasion and the patriarch with the clergy and people remained in the church the entire night in prayer. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. A final and, as it appears, especially important treatise on this question has not yet been published. A final and, as it appears, especially important treatise on this question has not yet been published. As soon as the new emperor had assured the peace of the empire by the overthrow of the Bulgarians his true opinions began gradually to appear. In the year 806 he was elevated to the patriarchal throne. opuscula historica" in the "Bibliotheca Teubneriana" (Leipzig, 1880). Nicephorus also left two small historical works; one known as the Breviarium", the other the "Chronographis", both are edited by C. de Boor, "Nicephori archiep. Transcription. Nicephorus first had a long, private conversation with the emperor, in which he vainly endeavoured to dissuade Leo from his opposition to the veneration of images. The book was first published in 1958; Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople (806-815)died in 829 and is now a Saint, of course. The first full English translation, with an introduction, of Al-Qasida al-Arminiyya al-MalÊ¿una (The Armenian Cursed Ode)— written on behalf of Nicephorus Phocas (regn. The emperor then commanded the abbots to maintain silence upon the matter and forbade them to hold meetings. With fearless energy the Patriarch Nicephorus now proceeded against the machinations of the Iconoclasts. At this time the emperors Valerian (253-259) and Gallius (260-268) began to persecute Christians, and one of the first brought before the court was the priest Sapricius. Nicephorus was a very educated person and became minister of finance (Logothetis) during the reign of Irene the Athenian. Later the patriarch sent several learned bishops and abbots to convince him of the truth of the position of the Patriarch on the veneration of images. Copyright © 2020 by Kevin Knight. Nicephorus added to this second part seventy-five extracts from the writings of the Fathers [edited by Pitra, "Spicilegium Solesmense", I (Paris, 1852), 227-370]; in two further writings, which also apparently belong together, passages from earlier writers, that had been used by the enemies of images to maintain their opinions, are examined and explained. Theodotus was consecrated 1 April, 815. Theodore set forth, by speech and writing, the reasons for the action of the strict party and firmly maintained his position. In December, 814, Nicephorus had a long conference with the emperor on the veneration of images but no agreement was reached. At the end of his life he was revered and after death regarded as a saint. The emperor then summoned Nicephorus to him, and the patriarch went to the imperial palace accompanied by the abbots and monks. Defending himself against the accusation that he and his companions were schismatic, he declared that he had kept silent as long as possible, had censured no bishops, and had always included the name of the patriarch in the liturgy. Another work justifying the veneration of images was edited by Pitra under the title "Antirrheticus adversus iconomachos" (Spicil. Nicephorus I. Upon this he was arrested at midnight in March, 815, and banished to the monastery of St. Theodore, which he had built on the Bosporus. February 1, 1911. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Patriarch of Constantinople, 806-815, b. about 758; d. 2 June, 829. His action was regarded by the strict church party as a violation of ecclesiastical law and a scandal. Thus, Nicephorus grew up with his father's example of defending the veneration of the images before his eyes. His feast is celebrated on this day both in the Greek and Roman Churches; the Greeks also observe 2 June as the day of his death. "St. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Nicephorus stood in the forefront of the battle against iconoclasm. Saint Nicephorus was born in Constantinople about the year 758, of pious parents; his father Theodore endured exile and tribulation for the holy icons during the reign of Constantine Copronymus (741-775). Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.CONTACT US | ADVERTISE WITH NEW ADVENT. After the murder of the Emperor Leo, 25 December, 820, Michael the Amorian ascended the throne and the defenders of the veneration of images were now more considerately treated. The pseudo-synod now commanded that he should no longer be called patriarch. This is especially useful for apocrypha for which only fragmentary texts have survived. A large number of the laity were also present on this occasion and the patriarch with the clergy and people remained in the church the entire night in prayer. The new emperor promised, in writing, to defend the faith and to protect both clergy and monks, and was crowned with much solemnity by the Patriarch Nicephorus. Under the empress Irene, Nicephorus was logothete of the genikon (manager of the main treasury). For the first four centuries the author is largely dependent on his predecessors, Eusebius, Socrates … The exiled Nicephorus persevered in his opposition and wrote several treatises against iconoclasm. The emperor had also recourse to the papacy in reference to these quarrels and had received a letter of approval from Leo. Moreover, he favoured the heretical Paulicians and the Iconoclasts and drained the people by oppressive taxes, so that he was universally hated. Boon. "St. Vol. APA citation. Notwithstanding this, Nicephorus crowned him, and later, Leo again refused to make the confession. Shortly after this Nicephorus sought solitude on the Thracian Bosporus, where he had founded a monastery. Nicephorus received permission to return from exile if he would promise to remain silent. Ecclesiastical approbation. ABBYY GZ download. Both these treatises were edited by Pitra; the first Epikrisis in "Spicilegium Solesmense", I, 302-335; the second Antirresis in the same, I, 371-503, and IV, 292-380. His house was surrounded by crowds of angry Iconoclasts who shouted threats and invectives. The book was first published in 1958; Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople (806-815)died in 829 and is now a Saint, of course. This champion of the orthodox view in the second contest over the veneration of images belonged to a noted family of Constantinople. To it he appended a canon catalog (which does not include the Revelation of John). the name of three Byzantine emperors. 0668 First Siege of Constantinople: This attack lasts off and on for seven years, with the Muslim forces generally spending the winters on the island of Cyzicus, a few miles south of Constantinople, and only sailing against the city during the spring and summer months.The Greeks are able to fend off repeated attacks with a weapon desperately feared by the Arabs: Greek Fire. Although still a layman, he was known by all to be very religious and highly educated. After vain theological disputes, in December 814, there followed personal insults. 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