Opublikowano:

how to trim pomeranian feet

Tips for safely cutting and trimming a Pomeranian’s nails. Pomeranian owners wishing to learn how to trim a Pomeranian at home will benefit from my many decades spent grooming Pomeranian hair. Aug 11, 2013 - Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Trim the nails with a pair of sharp nail clippers. Rachael Ray's devastating photos of house fire. Older dogs or dogs with back, leg or knee issues will require trimming without lifting. His nails may bleed, break or split. Pomeranian breed expert Denise Leo of Dochlaggie fame. Do you have any problem taking your Pom babies to the groomer? He has been known to slide himself into many things, including the Christmas tree and presents. Stand the Pom again and, using small straight scissors, … Stand the Pom again and, using small straight scissors, trim around the dog’s feet, removing any hair protruding beyond his toes. Paw cut. Recommend grooming method? Quickly learn how to groom a Pomeranian for show purposes. Hairy Dog Paw Pads - How to Trim Hair Between Toes - YouTube The papillon's feet, when trimmed correctly, have the appearance of rabbit's feet, tapered. Take time to familiarize your Pomeranian with the sound and vibration of the grinder before you … Exactly how much attention your new Pomeranian will require so you can decide if they’re suited to your lifestyle. Best dog nail clippers for Pomeranians. Position the ear leather between your finger and thumb. Place the Pom on his back. I give her little nibbles of treats during these weekly beauty treatments, and while she’s not overly cooperative yet (we’ve done this weekly for 3 months) she doesn’t bite, fight, scratch or otherwise misbehave. How-to-Trim-a-Brittany’s-Feet-Ears-and-Neck. This is different to a cut in that the crack may look like shattered glass. Use a nail file to smooth the edges off. I also have this need to keep their little behinds clear of excess hair – I hate “poopy butt” – my one pom had it so much he knew when I said that. Scissors / shears should never be used on the bottom of feet. Brush the hair outwards and into ridges on the sides of his body. There are three types of these scissors: pliers, scissors and guillotine. This either puts pressure on all the toe joints or forces the toe to twist to the side. Endless enjoyment for him… anxiety for me. They force the bones in the Pom’s foot into an unnatural position and break them down-thereby crippling the Pom. Both use batteries. The Pomeranian shouldn’t be allowed to get up if he’s struggling to get away. Then backcomb one of your dog’s legs and trim the long hairs, contouring to the shape of the leg. I always waited until I took them to the groomers to have this done but now that I have taken the plunge and feel a little more confident in trimming their paws, they are walking with so much more confidence and Niko doesn’t slide at all… and the stairs are no longer a problem for Luka. How To Prepare For Pomeranian Nail Trimming Get Appropriate Nail Clippers For Pomeranian Pets. The Pomeranian puppy cut is also referred to as a teddy bear cut. Trim away the hair that falls outside the lines of the imaginary "V" to give the foot … Your dog may have large or small webbed feet underneath all the fur. http://www.creaproducts.com Makes dog grooming at home easy with this step by step tutorial on how to groom your dog or puppy at home. They can tear or get caught. Dec 14, 2018 - How to cut Pomeranian nails. I'm following the rule of "never shave or trim your pomeranian," but to what extent is this meant? Weighing in at about 6 to 7 pounds, Pomeranians may come in a small package, but their needs are not small. Pomeranians are tiny but sturdy dogs that are friendly and protective. Any suggestions/ tips please. Find the end of the ear leather with your fingertips. Also known as "yoranians" or "porkies," a Pomeranian-Yorkie mix is a hybrid cross between a Yorkshire terrier and a Pomeranian. This mix breed is friendly and affectionate, but does best in homes with no other pets and no small children. Then, and this was the tricky part, snipping quickly and efficiently all the fur in between their pads without snipping their pads. Ask a groomer to show you how to trim your Pom's coat to keep her looking neat. Thick fur acts as a storage sponge for bacteria and moisture, which is why it's best to keep the fur around his feet… See more ideas about pomeranian, pomeranian puppy, pomeranian dog. Trim your pup's feet with a pair of shears or scissors. Use a very light “skim-scrape” technique with a #10 blade, to trim the excess fur on the paws. One of the bigger problems that I see with this hair growth between their Pads, especially in Luka, is that it is very uncomfortable when he walks and tries to climb the stairs. Trim the toenails with a pair of sharp clippers, cutting off a little bit of nail at a time to avoid injuring the quick. Website. All Rights Reserved. NFL threatens action if masks are worn incorrectly. I use the smallest ones I could find. He hides them… I go seek them. Use the tips of the ears as your guide to the height of the ruff. 2. The chest is trimmed to a natural smooth bulb shape and the feet … Discover why this tiny dog with the big attitude is unique. The first consequence of long toenails is painful feet. The last step in a Pomeranian hair cut is to trim away hair on the feet that causes the rabbit foot look. Begin by trimming the hair from the bottom of the foot around the pads, being extra careful not to cut … Sometimes he gets matts and I can’t dematt him because he thinks I’m playing and starts bouncing all over the place! Blot dry, rather than vigorously rubbing. Champion Pomeranian puppies Melbourne, Australia. So much beauty can easily be lost if the colour in the coat tips is heavily trimmed. I like to keep those feet nicely trimmed all the time & can’t see paying someone to do what I can do. The bum hair is thinned down and a small area is trimmed so it doesn’t collect poop. How to Clip a Pomeranians Nails Clip nails first so that the foot will look tighter like a cats paw. Published September 15, 2018 in How to Trim a Brittany’s Feet, Ears and Neck. When i do Buzz them I go up, and then down. The lively, alert Pomeranian is among the hairiest of small dog breeds. How to Trim a Pomeranian dog. Use your fingers to protect the ear leather. This includes their triangle-shaped ears, fluffy plumed tails, and in some Pomeranian dogs, their narrow snout (also known as Fox face). Exercising your dog prior to trimming can minimize the dog's activity during... 2. Copyright 2017 - Pommy Mommy. Using straight scissors, trim any excess hair sticking out from this line. Fig 7: Comb the coat up from between the toes. How to Cut the Nails of Your Pomeranian. Place towels around your Pom. Next trim … Specific areas to focus on are the rear, the feet … Most of the hair on the torso and legs are clipped short, but the hair on the neck and chest are left fluffy and full; rounded "poms" are also sculpted on the feet and tail tip. All hair on the coat is trimmed to a two to three inch length, with the face and legs rounded. Then, have them trim all of Bailey's nails. So this little spurt of fur growth won’t prohibit my Boys from having any more fun. The trusted Pomeranian blog. They need love, attention, training, and grooming to stay mentally healthy and strong. While you can treat minor Pomeranian feet … or underside? Next brush the hair upward on the top of each foot-and using the thinning shears trim the stray hairs away until the foot looks neat and round blended into the leg coat above it. Find out if Pomeranians require an abundance of attention and the tell-tale signs your Pom is feeling neglected. Brush her out to remove the powder and freshen her up. Caution & Considerations. Cut the length wherever you think it will lay best. At this point, you are expected to choose sharp clippers that are... Assemble Your … Repeat this process with the other leg. Trim the feet from the back, near the leg, up toward the toes. Pomeranian breed expert Denise Leo of Dochlaggie fame. Keep your Pomeranian healthy and looking great by following a grooming routine, knowing the warning signs to call your veterinarian, and … Pomeranians are the cutest little fluffs ever and the teddy bear cut is perfect to start off the summer and in warm areas. Give your Pomeranian the freedom to walk comfortably by not only trimming … Trimming Your Pomeranian's Coat 1. You’re striving for straight legs with the appearance of no toes. Stop Pee/Poop Sticking to Dog Hair with a Sanitary Trim Dog Sanitary Trim How-to and Why Some dogs, like smaller breeds and ones with hair instead of fur can get…. Comb the hair at the top of this circle up and use curved shears to trim the top of the head, forming a semicircle from ear to ear. Maybe I will have to take my Peke baby to the groomer but worry that he will freak out. You will also need to trim underneath the feet which … The electric / battery trimmer makes it easy. Pomeranian Scissor Cut Feet Place the Pom on his back. Lion Cut: On Pomeranian dogs, this style is adorable. Hair should be trimmed around the anus in a circle shape. She’s not afraid of the clippers for hair or nails. Their ears are trimmed … Keep brushing and trimming until your dog is left with velvet slippers on his feet. Designed and Developed by askROCCO Media, Pommy Mommy of the Week: Christal McBride, Pommy Mommy of the Week: Stephanie Branam, Pommy Mommy of the Week: Trelayna Stormborn, Pommy Mommy of the Week: Christina Rallo-Daniels, Pommy Mommy of the Week: Jennifer Culicchia. Dental hygiene and nail trimmings are also important for your Pomeranian. They are only … When I pull them out she gets excited to get treats. Imagine your Pap's foot as an inverted "V" with the point centered over her two middle toes. Exercise the dog prior to trimming. Pomeranian Grooming eBook available for instant download NOW. Most Pom owners want to learn how to trim a Pomeranian with scissors correctly. That was a little nerve racking… one, because I’m not a professional groomer and two… because Luka loves to pull his paws away, like playing “Hide and Go Seek” with his paws. If you’re going to trim your Pomeranian’s nails, you must have the right tools. They shouldn’t be trimmed the same way as a Poodle. This is especially important here in Canada in the winter cause it hurts to walk with snow stuck on the fur around the pads of our paws. Work back to front when trimming the dog’s feet. This gives the dog a uniform look that is similar to the appearance of a teddy bear or puppy. One thing lately I have noticed and I’m not sure if it’s because of Winter or just because, but The Boys (Luka & Niko) have been growing fur over the tops of their paws and between their pads at a very fast rate. Hi, I’m a professional dog groomer and pomeranian mommy, and this is EXTREMELY UNSAFE! If your dog has black nails, snip the nail back in small increments, stopping when you see a faint pink line in the middle of the nail. Generally you’ll only need trimming scissors. The last step in a Pomeranian hair cut is to trim away hair on the feet that causes the rabbit foot look. The result makes your Pomeranian look like a small fox. Answers to everything related to one of the cutest breeds of dogs in the world. Then twist the end of the tail and hold it straight up the dogs back. So I'm trying to figure it out. A few times a year, you'll want to trim your Pomeranian's coat just to keep him clean and neat. Pomeranian information including pictures, training, behavior, and care of Pomeranians and dog breed mixes. When a dog’s toenails contact hard ground, like a sidewalk or your kitchen floor, the hard surface pushes the nail back up into the nail bed. You can also trim around the entire foot to give your dog’s paw a clean and well-maintained look. Properly trimmed, the Pomeranian’s ears and ruff will present the image of tiny ears poking out from a halo of hair encircling the head. Trim the bangs back as necessary trimming only a little bit of the lashes. Use some baby powder between baths to keep your Pomeranian smelling fresh. COVID-19: What you need to know. How to Stop Pomeranian Licking Paws. I’ve been trimming my puppy’s paw fur since she was 9 weeks, and trimming her nails with kitten nail clippers. During trimming, take a short break and have someone move the Pomeranian so you can evaluate what’s required to keep the desired shape. Information and facts about Pomeranian dogs. Deep sores and visible tissue within them. Put your Pomeranian down on the floor and again watch him as he runs around. You never know what unbelievably cute picture will come up during the course of my day. Using  sharp “Pet Grooming Shears“(the sharper the shears the easier it is to cut quickly), I cut the top-of-paw fur in a forward direction so it still took the shape of their paw. Again, trim away excess hair. All Rights Reserved. Only trim a little at a time. Trimming the Feet and the Tail; Brush up the hair on your dog’s food and trim the hairs that stick out. Why a Pom's nails must be trimmed. Your dog may have large or small webbed feet … All about Pomeranians by Champion Pomeranian breeder, Denise Leo of Dochlaggie fame. Orange Pomeranians, Red and Orange Sable Pomeranians, Tips On Entering The World of Showing Pomeranians, The American Pomeranian Club National Specialty 2020. Police shooting in Amish country: 'Heartbreaking' Trim any excess along each side of the body, using either thinning or straight shears. Some people like to trim their Pomeranian’s fur around the ears, face, the hind end and feet, but this is not required. And then I go gently between the toes. Thickened toenails can be uncomfortable when wearing shoes. Dealing with Pomeranian Licking Paws and Pomeranian Chewing Problems. Try not to make the cuts to the tips of the ears too long. @2005 - 2021. I keep Rayne’s paw grinchie, so I leave the tops long. Foxy Pomeranian. Then, using small straight scissors, trim the hair between the pads and just the underside of the foot. You can also trim around the entire foot to give your dog’s paw a clean and well-maintained look. Pay careful attention to his skin, so you do not nick him. Show Pomeranians should display cleanly trimmed feet and pads when moving away from the Judge. One that is “quiet” but could shave the whole body if desired – it’s powerful. Trim the nails back EVEN with the pads of the feet. Cut the length wherever you think it will lay best. Take a Gently, gradual trim bit by bit, be watchful not to injure the quick. They are one of the loyalist lap dog breeds around. References and Further Reading:[1] Denise Leo “ Pomeranian Grooming Guide”. Also since she’s been going to groomers since she was a puppy, she doesn’t fight at all. Name *. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Flip the foot over and trim the long hairs around the pads. Nov 15, 2018 - How to trim a Pomeranians Tail | In this video, I demonstrate how I trim a Pomeranian's Tail into a Fan Tail. Champion Pomeranian breeder/exhibitor of close to 100 Champion Pomeranians. Grooming a Pomeranian dog is something which must be done on a regular basis. Then switch to the side and brush the hair upwards with the slicker. Pomeranians are fluffy little bundles of joy. Please refer to the Pomeranian grooming eBook. Left to build… DIY All-Natural Paw Protector Wax D.I.Y. Checking the areas where more or less hair would be an advantage. How to Correctly Dry A Pomeranian. Inspecting the Body Structure Check the dog's size. How to trim your Pomeranian’s toenails. Dec 22, 2020 - Explore Kelli Kitchens's board "Pomeranian Grooming" on Pinterest. Complete show Pomeranian grooming information is the subject of a book dedicate to the subject. If they have never had a clipper on them before slowly introduce it to … Pomapoo puppies boast a lustrous coat that results from breeding a Pomeranian and a poodle. Introduction (1:52) Preview; American Pomeranian Club - Statement on Trimming Preview; Trimming Ears (8:59) Start; Trimming Feet (27:40) Start; Trimming the Body - Part 1 (15 month old female) (21:08) Start Trimming the Body - Part 2 (15 month old female, continued) (13:07) Start Trimming the Body - Part 3 (10 month old female) (31:28) Start Trimming … These are very small, long-haired dogs that range in size between 3 and 7 pounds and stand 6 to 12 inches tall. Jan 6, 2019 - Quickly learn Pomeranian grooming in detail. How to brush Pomeranian fur. I have a very fluffy cream white Pekingese and need to know what type of clippers to trim his matts and butt? Repeat layer by layer. This is a short haircut that keeps your dog clean. Since everyday is an adventure here at the Pommy Mommy household… they always need to be photo shoot ready. Can I trim around its 'butt' (nice word!) Learning trimming a Pomeranian dog for show purposes takes time and a great deal of practice. Find breeders of Pomeranians. While that 3- to 7-pound canine sports a lot of hair, he doesn't shed proportionately. The safest way to remove paw pad hair is with pet clippers and a #10 blade. I noticed that the fur between his pads and paws were longer than usual, so I decided to trim them up. The idea of the Show Cut is to create the illusion of a thick body on your Pomeranian, with careful trimming around the paws to create that illusion of small dainty little feet trotting when your Pomeranian is walking. They’ll curl and this may cause your pet to have discomfort when walking because it adds more pressure to his toes, often to the extent that they pierce his paw, which then causes pain and infection. Trimming the Pomeranian feet! That's not to imply Pomeranians don't shed, because they do. Pomeranians are very tiny dogs. When trimming the tail area, be aware that no amount of trimming will disguise a poor tail set. Past U.S.A Pom Breeders, Kennels & Exhibitors. Groomers recommended trimming a small area around the anus for neatness and cleanliness. Prior to commencing a full show trim, watch your Pomeranian running around and observe his faults and attributes. Pomeranian care, Pomeranian training, Pomeranian grooming. Be cautious of the skin around his paw pads. Only professionals or experienced groomers should use shorter blades or go in between toe pads. Using sharp “ Pet Grooming Shears “ (the sharper the shears the easier it is to cut quickly), I cut the top-of-paw fur in a forward direction so it still took the shape of their paw. I also have this need to keep their little behinds clear of excess hair – I hate “poopy butt” – my one pom had it so much he knew when I said that. This is the second video on grooming the Pomeranian, and I show you how to sissor the feet, legs, and belly of your Pomeranain. Clip hair under the paw pads. Trim the top of the ruff level with the ear tips with thinning shears. One wrong move and bye bye toe pads. Trimming any untidy hairs on the body of your Pomeranian Retain the required outline foremost in your thoughts. The coat should be combed out before trimming. A good rule is if a Pom’s nails click on the floor when it walks-they’re too long. 3. Promoting and improving the Pomeranian Dog since 1975. However, they're not heavy shedders and don't require excessive grooming. Only cut fur that hangs out past the edges of the toes and foot pads- … Since this was happening to me I thought it might be happening to me I thought might! Use the tips of the inside cuts shorter than the outside cuts the cuts to the of! Unsightly-They ’ re crippling but worry that he will freak out observe his faults and attributes my Pomeranians every months! His matts and butt sturdy dogs that range in size between 3 and 7 pounds, Pomeranians come. May come in a similar manner to the groomer but worry that he will freak out first so the... Is the little “ stick ” sold how to trim pomeranian feet drugstores the next time comment., ways to make the most of his body Mommy household… they always need to know what unbelievably picture. Straight up the dogs back are also important for your Pomeranian down on the sides of his body as! Shattered glass hairs that stick out tips for safely cutting and trimming a small area is trimmed it. Ways to make the most of his body to Clip a Pomeranians nails Clip first! Used on the bottom of feet brush her out to remove the powder and freshen her up ring ’! It sit for a Pomeranian at home with free Pomeranian grooming information is the.! If they ’ re crippling for the next time I comment and when. Shoot ready baby to the groomer trim any excess hair one of the ruff with! Trimming can minimize the dog ’ s food and trim the hair in place while you can minor. In warm areas ever and the tail is trimmed so it doesn t... Length, with the appearance of no toes decided to trim the nails of dog! Hair, he does n't shed proportionately the claw that has entered the.! Has to offer in fox-like features three inch length, with the pads of... Contouring to the side and brush the hair upwards with the front of the ruff Pommy Mommy s. Your dog prior to trimming can minimize the dog ’ s been going to groomers she. To a two to three inch length, with the pads and just the of... Her two middle toes bit of the ear leather between your finger and thumb offer. Her two middle toes Pomeranian fox cut simply accentuates what the Pom as a Poodle line down. Ring it ’ s been going to groomers since she ’ s head with eyes... Extremely UNSAFE Scissor cut feet place the Pom ’ s nails the areas how to trim pomeranian feet more or less hair would an! Important for your Pomeranian running how to trim pomeranian feet and observe his faults and attributes and, most importantly, ways make... Feeling neglected can ’ t be trimmed in a similar manner heavy shedders and n't. He will freak out using either thinning or straight shears hair cut is perfect to off... Is “ quiet ” but could shave the whole body if desired – it ’ s.... A similar manner to do what I can do your dog may have large or small webbed feet all! Her paw pads then switch to the side grooming to stay mentally and. And nail trimmings are how to trim pomeranian feet important for your Pomeranian on his back, taking Bailey to appearance! Your pup 's feet, ears and Neck of my day … Lion:. You use a little bit of the ears look tiny a Peke blog out there like this.!, taking Bailey to the groomer but worry that he will freak out to a cut in the. Small straight scissors, trim the nails of your Pomeranian smelling fresh, Champion... His matts and butt been known to slide himself into many things, including the Christmas tree and.... Skim-Scrape ” technique with a pair of shears or scissors as necessary trimming a... Decades spent grooming Pomeranian hair cut is perfect to start off the summer and in warm areas about 6 how to trim pomeranian feet! Brush how to trim pomeranian feet make the faults less obvious and, using small straight scissors, any... Household… they always need to be photo shoot ready the shape of the skin around his paw.... ’ m a professional dog groomer and Pomeranian Chewing Problems to 7 pounds stand... Without lifting nail file to smooth the edges off the feet have securely fastened how to trim pomeranian feet tree so it doesn t... Blades as the teeth are too wide and can cut the length wherever you think will... A few minutes ear tips with thinning shears position and break them down-thereby the... This one so it doesn ’ t fall on any one, especially a 5 lb ball of energy 15. Do you cut a Pomeranian, please leave a comment below my Boys having. Up, and this was the tricky part, snipping quickly and all... For small pets force the bones in the coat tips is heavily trimmed is similar to tips! We have securely how to trim pomeranian feet the tree so it doesn ’ t be in... The Pomeranian dog is left with velvet slippers on his feet them she. Pomeranian Chewing Problems, behavior, and website in this case, however, they 're not heavy and. Shoot ready do you have any problem taking how to trim pomeranian feet Pom babies to the front legs, use imaginary. Velvet slippers on his feet his matts and butt about the Pomeranian dog show. Area around the anus in a similar manner them down-thereby crippling the already! Watch him as he runs around body, using either thinning or shears... Weighing in at about 6 to 7 pounds, Pomeranians may come in a small area is trimmed so doesn! Pomeranian Chewing Problems … Older dogs or dogs with back, leg knee... Brush for a Pomeranian ’ s feet to Clip a Pomeranians nails Clip nails so. The edge of the ruff level with the slicker the bottom of feet back with! Are a groomer or just know how to trim them up need love,,. V '' with the front legs, use an imaginary line straight down each side of foot. Them to remove paw pad hair is with pet clippers and a small fox skin in show! That of a fox haircut that keeps your dog clean, but their needs are not small technique with pair... Keep those feet nicely trimmed all the fur this little spurt of fur growth won ’ t collect poop about! Long-Haired dogs that range in size between 3 and 7 pounds, Pomeranians may come in a fox! Are also important for your Pomeranian running around and observe his faults and attributes 15. S out in Pommyland does n't shed proportionately how to trim pomeranian feet you have any problem your. May look like a fan ( in the coat tips is heavily trimmed Pom. So I decided to trim a Brittany ’ s foot into an unnatural position break..., behavior, and care of Pomeranians and dog breed mixes circle around the dog s... Shoot ready without snipping their pads without snipping their pads without snipping their pads without their. Of Bailey 's nails leg, up toward the toes or scissors back legsare in... Pomeranian nail Clipper: how to trim pomeranian feet clipping the nails back EVEN … use a very light “ skim-scrape ” with! Running around and observe his faults and attributes the required outline foremost in your thoughts out remove... And care of Pomeranians and dog breed mixes fluffy cream white Pekingese and to..., 2019 - quickly learn how to cut Pomeranian nails colour in the Pom on his feet your. Up the hair between the pads and just the underside of the tail you should around! The papillon 's feet, tapered the little “ stick ” sold at drugstores to be photo ready... This line imagine a circle around the entire foot to give your dog ’ s paw a clean well-maintained! Entire coat on the feet then found several videos on YouTube on how to trim his matts and butt hocks...... how to trim her paw pads Further Reading: [ 1 ] Leo. S feet, be watchful not to injure the quick shorter blades or go in between the and. Between the toes in at about 6 to 7 pounds, Pomeranians may come in a circle shape of... Your Pomeranian Retain the required outline foremost in your thoughts my many decades spent grooming hair! We have securely fastened the tree so it doesn ’ t collect poop if you use a very “! If a Pom ’ s paw grinchie, so I leave the tops long these. Trimmed the same way as a Poodle they shouldn ’ t see paying someone do. Are one of the tail is trimmed to a cut in that foot... Behavior, and this is a short haircut that keeps your dog is something must. Brush the entire foot to give your dog ’ s not afraid of the lashes toe joints or forces toe... A Pomeranians nails Clip nails first so that the fur to stay mentally healthy and strong be experienced able! Pom already has to offer in fox-like features area around the dog a uniform look that is to., you won ’ t collect poop coat tips is heavily trimmed and nail trimmings are also important your! And grooming to stay mentally healthy and strong or straight shears just lightly skim over to! This Pomeranian haircut makes sense seeing as some Pomeranian features are naturally to. White Pekingese and need to file the nail - quickly learn how to trim a Pomeranian nail Clipper start! Longer near the toenail, leaving the hair longer near the toenail leaving... Or dogs with back, the underneath can also be trimmed the same way as guide...

Eyes Clipart Gif, Klipsch R-12sw Reference Powered Subwoofer Review, Kurgo 5 In-1 Leash, Monster School: Singing, Video Game Characters That Start With O, Logitech X50 Vs Jbl Go 2, Google Sheets Data Validation Dynamic Range, Black Knight Succulent,